Professor Simon Johnson, one of this year's Nobel laureates in economics, visited Gothenburg on 14 December to share his views on how AI is reshaping jobs, democracy and global progress.
Malmstens Hall at the School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg was packed with people who wanted to hear sharp analyses of how AI can both create opportunities and challenge societies – and why it is up to us to steer developments to prevent them from deepening economic inequalities.
In her introduction to the lecture, Maria Elmquist, deputy president f Chalmers University of Technology, emphasised the importance of innovation and competitiveness in securing the welfare and future of society. In particular, she highlighted Simon Johnson's research, which sheds light on the complexity of how wealth is created and the importance of long-term institutions.
- ‘It's about creating systems where everyone can contribute, because when everyone is empowered to participate, prosperity grows,’ she explained.
Before the lecture started, Professor Johnson had the honour of handing out diplomas to the three fifth-grade classes that had won a prize in Chalmers' largest technology competition for young people, Save the Egg. A moment that drew big applause, laughter and the curious questions of the fifth graders got many tips.
The challenge of economic gaps
The Nobel laureate Professor Simon Johnson tackled one of today’s biggest challenges: how artificial intelligence (AI) can widen economic gaps if not carefully managed. Blending sharp insights with humor, he highlighted AI’s potential, its risks, and the choices we face to ensure it benefits everyone—not just a few.
At the heart of his talk was a warning: while AI brings new opportunities, it also threatens jobs, particularly for low-skilled workers, women, and young people.
“Technology is a choice,” Johnson said, stressing that societies must decide whether to use AI to empower workers or let automation deepen inequality.
Women and Young People Most at Risk
Johnson pointed out that AI often replaces jobs with repetitive tasks—roles where women and young people are overrepresented. Jobs like customer service and administration are particularly vulnerable. For young workers, the loss of entry-level positions risks blocking their path to gaining skills and experience.
But this doesn’t have to be the outcome. By investing in education, retraining, and policies that support workers, Johnson argued that AI can help people transition to better, more meaningful jobs.
Europe Falling Behind in the AI Race
Johnson also addressed Europe’s weak position in the global AI landscape. While the United States attracts 95% of AI investment, Europe lags far behind with just 3%. He urged Europe to take action, invest strategically, and ensure it doesn’t lose ground to global tech leaders.
A Call for Democratic Action
The lecture ended with a powerful reminder of democracy’s role in progress. Johnson praised Sweden for its resilience and recent decisions on the global stage, encouraging societies to embrace informed debate and wise investments.
“The point is to do what democracy does best: make better decisions and build a future that works for everyone,” he concluded.
Professor Johnson’s message was clear: the future of AI is in our hands. By acting now, we can shape technology into a force for good, creating a more equal and prosperous world for all.
